Sunday, 15 February 2015

DOA QUNUT IN BANGLA

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Friday, 13 June 2014

Thinking Process

Qur’an Majid (the Glorious) is a book of guidance to humanity. It is known by several names. It is also known as Kitabul Hikmat or the Book of Wisdom. In over 1,100 verses, the importance of thinking, reflecting and pondering on the Signs of Allah (SWT) is emphasized. For example 
“Behold, verily in these things
There are Signs for those who understand             

Saturday, 29 March 2014

Scientific Evidence on the Oneness (Tawheed) of Allah (SWT)

nsha'Allah I will talk a few words on "Qur'an and Science" which I hope will be beneficial for Dawah work. I am a student of Science and a student of Qur'an Majeed. Although my knowledge of Arabic is basic, Alhamdulillah I have discovered that the scholars have failed to translate the Qur'an faithfully, particularly into the English language. For example Zauj is translated as wife rather than spouse. Alaq is translated as blood clot or congealed blood rather than leech or something that clings. Similarly very few people know the meaning of Nikah or Zina. 
Science means knowledge or "ILM" in Arabic, or systematic study of Natural Phenomena or Ayah(in Arabic). God or Allah (SWT) says in the Qur'an Kareem "Inna Fi Dalika La Ayathin Li Qaumin Yatha Fakkarun." Meaning these are the Signs for those people who
think. Allah(SWT) asks us to study His creation(Nature) and our own selves to understand Him. There are over 1200 verses in the Qur'an which deal with scientific subjects. 
History of God: 
Every child and adult must have asked at least once in a lifetime such questions as what is God? How does God look like? When was God born? Will God die? Who are God' parents? Does God have children? Does God exist? If there is a God they why don't I see God? Why can't God talk to me? These and many others are very difficult questions to answer for those whose religion is not Islam. Here an attempt is made to answer these questions fully or partially. 
Everyone believes in something-unseen spirits, which can help or harm; many gods; own ability to make a happier world; national government; money; science; science; history; philosophical speculation; or just one God. Belief is part of a human being. 
Search for Answers 
What makes the thunder roar and the rain to fall? What makes lightning? Where does the sun go when it sets? What causes solar and lunar eclipses? What causes diseases? What does life mean? Men looked for answers and made up stories to explain the mysteries of the universe. Myths explained creation of life, world, eclipses, coming and going of seasons, cases of sickness, etc. Most myths are imaginative. 
Early man considered anything unusual as evidence of supernatural power: high mountains, deep craters, waterfalls, earthquakes, volcanoes, lightning, tornadoes, hurricanes, heat waves, snowstorms, sand storms, wild animals, poisonous animals, epidemic diseases, etc. Early man also believed in "Animism" or belief in spirits dwelling within trees, stones, rivers, etc. Early man worshipped nature: sun, moon, stars, snakes, cows, trees, rivers, wind, fire, clouds, sky, etc. Many early people also believed in a god who was a distant and mysterious being. Babylonians, Romans, early Australians called their god a father (masculine for strength and power). American natives called their god Great Father, Chinese and ancient Indians and Greeks called god "Sky" as the sky covers everything. 
Forty thousand years ago Aryan (noble) tribes living near the Caspian Sea believed in these nature gods (sun, moon, sky, wind, earth, fire, tree, etc.). Later they migrated in all directions carrying their beliefs. Hence the gods of Europeans, Greeks, Romans, Persians and Indians resembled each other. About 1,500 years ago all countries except a few countries in South Asia started to believe in one God. In India ancient gods are still honored and worshipped. 
MONOTHEISM 
According to scriptures, in Middle East God spoke to Prophet Abraham. Prophet Abraham found this God was more powerful than the spirits that lived in rocks, trees, sacred groves, snakes, wild animals, sand storms. Prophet Moses heard a voice from a flaming bush on Mt. Sinai. The voice said," I AM WHO I AM THE ONE WHO ALWAYS IS-YAHWEH." Yahweh is the Hebrew word for God. When Christianity came, the Christians believed in Trinity-The Holy Father, The Holy Ghost and the Holy Son. Jesus Christ (peace is upon him) is believed to be the Son of God. The Christians say "God made man in His own image." They give anthropomorphic image of God-meaning God looks like man. 
In Islam, God is called "Allah." Allah is a unique Arabic word for it is neither singular nor plural and it is neither feminine nor masculine. For example, god is singular and gods is plural. God is masculine and goddess is feminine. Although Allah has no gender, Allah is usually referred to as He for conceptual reasons and easy understanding. The most rational and highly realistic concept of God in any religion is revealed in the Glorious Qur'an in Surah 112 which is called Al-Iklas (Sincerity) or Al-Tawhid (Unity). It has been called the essence of the Qur'an. The translation reads:
In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful 
1. Say: He is Allah, the One
 2. Allah, the Eternal, the Absolute
3. He begetteth not, nor was begotten
4. And there is none comparable unto Him.
 
This extremely simple and crystal clear concept of God has not been given by any other religion. Thus Surah tells us God is One, Eternal(no death), Absolute(has no limitation whatsoever), was not born like other living creatures. Has no partners and does not give birth to sons or daughters. Most important of all "there is nothing in the world or universe which can be compared to Allah." Allah has no form, shape or substance. People ask how to visualize a God who has no birth or death? Hoe come no one challenges the concept of Law of Conservation of Energy-which states that energy is neither created nor destroyed and that one from of energy is converted into another form? When a light bulb is switched on, we see electrical energy converted into light energy. Dry cells and batteries convert chemical energy into electricity or light. In automobiles and planes we see chemical (gasoline) energy converted into kinetic energy (motion). 
The Noble Qur'an describe nature or attributes of God with 99 names such as Omnipotent (all powerful), Omnipresent (present everywhere), Omniscient (all knowing), etc. 
In the Qur'an the concept of Allah or God is clearly defined. Examples are Surah IQLAS and Ayah al Kursi(Surah 2, Al-Baqara:255:Allah! There is no God save Him, the Alive, the Eternal. Neither slumber nor sleep overtaketh Him. Unto Him belongeth whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth....) In the Qur'an we also read, Allah is FATHIR 'US 'SAMAVATHI WAL ARDHI and BADI 'US 'SAMAVATHI WAL WARDHI. In short Allah(SWT) is the Creator of the Universe and everything in it and created from nothing. This is rational and appealing to the scientists. Now days scientists are showing the way to Religion and God. Examples are Paul Davis's books: "God and the New Physics" and "the Mind of God." Several books on "The Anthropic Principle."
 
The concept of TAWHID is the strongest foundation of Islam. The Unity of God or oneness of Allah. How to convince the children and non-Muslims about TAWHID. We can do this scientifically, rationally or logically. All mater is made of atoms. The simplest atom is the atom of Hydrogen which consists of a proton( + positively charged) and an electron(- negatively charged) orbiting around the proton. 75% of matter in the universe consists of Hydrogen and the rest is made of Helium which is in the stars such as our sun where nuclear fusion (deuterium and tritium fuse to form Helium and Energy) takes place resulting in release of energy (heat and light).
 
The physicists have determined accurately the mass, charge, spin, etc of the proton and the electron. The diameter of the proton, the distance between the proton and the electron. The proton to electron mass ratio is 1837 . That is one proton is equal to 1837 electrons. Why the ratio is 1837 and not 1500 or 2000 ? The answer will give you the existence of God. 
When the hydrogen found on any planet in the solar system or in our sun is analyzed, we find it to be identical to that found on the earth. Our sun is one of the 200 billion stars in our Galaxy called the Milkyway Galaxy. The hydrogen in any star in the Milkyway Galaxy is identical to that found on earth. There are about 200 billion Galaxies in the Universe. The nearest Galaxy is the Andromeda Galaxy. The properties of Hydrogen in any Galaxy is identical to that found on EARTH. 
WHAT IS THE CONCLUSION? The CREATOR of earth, solar system, stars, galaxies, is the ONE AND THE SAME. IN OTHER WORDS THE CREATOR OF THE UNIVERSE AND EVERYTHING IN IT IS ONE AND THE SAME. FOR MUSLIMS HE IS ALLAH THE AHAD. 
Other examples are the Four Natural Forces: 
1. Gravitational Force 
2. Electromagnetic Force 
3. Nuclear Weak Force 
4. Nuclear Strong Force
 
One will find that these forces are identical everywhere in the universe and the physical laws that operate everywhere in the universe are the same. HENCE THE CONCLUSION IS INDISPUTABLE THAT
THE CREATOR IS ONE.
Other examples in the Qur'an are: 
Surah 4: 1(Verse) 
Surah 75: 39 (Verse) 
Surah 21: 30(verse) 
Surah 13 : 12 (verse) 

The Qur'an says:
 
O mankind, reverence your Guardian Lord
who created you from a single person,
created of like nature, his mate, and
from them twain scattered (like seeds)
countless men and women. Reverence God
through whom you demand your mutual
(rights), and (reverence) the wombs
(that bore you): for God ever watches
you.(4:1). 
It is He who does show you the lightning
by way both of fear and of hope. It is
He who does raise up the clouds, heavy
with (fertilizing) rain (13:12).
 
Allahu 'Alamu (Allah knows best).

Tuesday, 4 March 2014

Dr. JAKIR NAIK LECTURES IN BANGLA

Assalamualaikum, here I try to give (commonly for Bangladeshi, kolkata)'s living all religious for listen these lectures and an option for all to download please click HERE

Saturday, 15 February 2014

Understanding String Theory

Human beings throughout history have been passionately searching answers for the origin of the universe, from our ancestors to modern day cosmologists. Cosmology is the study of the birth and evolution of the universe. The modern theory called the Standard Model of Cosmology states that some 15 billion years ago, the universe emerged from a big bang (enormously energetic singular event) which spewed forth all of space and all of matter. The temperature of the universe at 10^ -43 seconds after the big band, the so-called Planck time, is estimated to be 10^32 Kelvin or some 10trillion 10 trillion times hotter than the interior of the Sun. As time passed, the universe expanded and cooled. About a hundredth-thousandth of a second after the big bang, it was cool enough (10 trillion Kelvin) to produce protons and neutrons. As time passed electrically neutral atoms formed. A billion years later 100 billion galaxies and 100 billion stars (our sun is a star) in each galaxy, and ultimately planets began to emerge.
 
Modern physics rests on two foundational pillars: Einstein's general theory of relativity, which provides an understanding of the large scale structures in the universe: stars, galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and expanse of the universe itself. The other is quantum mechanics, which provides understanding of the universe on the smallest of scales: molecules, atoms, and the subatomic particles like electrons and quarks. The two theories are mutually incompatible. In this new millennium superstring theory or simply string theory resolves the tension between general relativity and quantum mechanics. According to string theory, the marriage of the laws of the large and the small is not only happy but also inevitable. String theory has the inherent capability to show that all of the astonishing happenings in the universe-from the frenzied dance of subatomic quarks (components of protons or neutrons) to the stately dance of orbiting binary stars, from the primordial fireball of the big bang to the majestic whirl of celestial galaxies-- are reflections of one grand physical principle, one master equation.
 
During the past hundred years physicists have proven the existence of four fundamental forces in nature: Gravitational force, electromagnetic force, the weak force and the strong force. Gravity is the most familiar of the forces, being responsible for keeping our planet earth around the sun as well as keeping our feet firmly planted on earth. Electromagnetic force is the next most familiar of the four. It is the driving force for lights, TVs, computers, telephones. The strong nuclear and weak nuclear forces are less familiar because they operate in the nucleus of the atom. The strong force is responsible for keeping quarks "glued" together inside of protons and neutrons and keeping protons and neutrons tightly crammed together inside atomic nuclei. The weak force is responsible for the radioactive decay of radioactive materials such as uranium, plutonium, and tritium. At the microscopic level all the forces have an associated particle or the smallest packet of the force. Photons for the electromagnetic force, graviton for the gravitational force, weak gauge bosons (W and Z particles) for the weak force and gluons (strong glue holding atomic nuclei together) for the strong nuclear force.
 
Matter is composed of atoms, which in turn are made of nucleons (protons and neutrons in the nucleus) and electrons orbiting around the nucleus. Nucleons are made of 3 quarks each. Quarks are made of string. According to the standard model of particle physics the elementary constituents of the universe are pointlike ingredients with no internal structure. However, the standard model cannot be complete or final theory because it does not include gravity. But according to string theory, atomic particles and subatomic particles are not pointlike, but instead consists of a tiny one-dimensional filaments somewhat like infinitely thin rubber bands, vibrating oscillating, dancing filament that physicists have named a string. Unlike an ordinary piece of string, which is itself composed of molecules and atoms, the strings of string theory are alleged to lie deeply within the heart of matter and they are so small-on average they are about as long the Planck length (10^ -33 cm-about a hundred billion billion (10^20) times smaller than an atomic nucleus) and they appear pointlike even when examined with our most powerful equipment. String theory offers a far fuller and more satisfying explanation than is found in the standard model.  
In Einstein's day, the strong and the weak forces were not discovered, but he found the two distinct forces-gravity and electromagnetism-deeply troubling. For thirty years he was in search of a unified field theory that he hoped would that these two forces are really manifestations of one grand underlying principle. String theory is showing the harmonious union of general relativity and quantum mechanics. Its ability to ameliorate
the hostilities between the gravitational force and quantum mechanics is a major success. In this new millennium, the excitement in the physics community is that string theory may provide the answer for the unified theory of the all the four forces and all matter. For this reason string theory is sometimes described as possibly being the "theory of everything" (T.O.E.). String theory proclaims that the observed particle properties (mass, charge, spin) are a reflection of the various ways in which a string can vibrate. Just as the strings on a piano or violin have resonant frequencies at which they prefer to vibrate-the same holds true for the loops of string theory. Each of the preferred patterns of vibration of a string in string theory appears as a particle whose mass and force charges are determined by the string's oscillatory pattern. The electron is a string vibrating one way; the up-quark is a string vibrating another way. Particles like photons, weak gauge bosons, and gluons are yet other resonant patterns of string vibration. There is even a mode describing the graviton which is the particle carrying the force of gravity. Particle properties in string theory are the manifestations of one and the same physical feature: the resonant patterns of vibration-the music so to speak- of fundamental loops of string. The same idea applies to the forces of nature as well. Hence everything, all matter and all forces, is unified under the microscopic string oscillations- the "notes" that strings can play.
 
EXTRA DIMENSIONS: 
It is taken for granted that our universe has three spatial (length, width and height) dimensions. In formulating the general theory of relativity Einstein showed time is another dimension. According to general relativity space and time communicate the gravitational force through their curvature. Special theory of relativity is Einstein's laws of space and time in the absence of gravity. In 1919 Theodor Kaluza, a Polish mathematician suggested that the universe might have more than the three spatial dimensions. For example, a garden hose viewed from a long distance looks like a one-dimensional object. When magnified (when looked closely), a second dimension-one that is in the shape of a circle and is curled around the house-becomes visible. The direction along the length of the hose is long, extended, and easily visible. The direction circling around the thickness of the hose is short, "curled up," and harder to see. Hence spatial dimensions are of two types. They can be large, extended, and therefore directly evident, or they can be small, curled up, and much more difficult to detect. In the case of the garden hose, the "curled-up" dimension encircling the thickness of the hose is detected either going closer the hose or using a pair of binoculars from a distance. If the garden hose is as thin as a hair or a capillary, then its curled-up dimension is more difficult to detect.  
Kaluza proposed that the spatial fabric of the universe might possess more than three dimensions of everyday experience. He showed by having four spatial dimensions, Einstein's general relativity and Maxwell's electromagnetic theory can be unified into a single theory. In 1926 Oskar Klein, a Swedish mathematician showed that the spatial fabric of our universe may have both extended(the three spatial dimensions of everyday experience) and curled-up dimensions. The additional dimensions in the universe are tightly curled up into a tiny space- a space so tiny that it has so far eluded detection by even our most advanced experimental equipment. 
The equations of string theory show that the universe has nine space dimensions and one time dimension. Why is it that three space and one time dimensions are large and extended while all of the others are tiny and curled up? At present there is no answer to this question.
 
1 dimension of time + 9 dimensions (6 hidden and 3 known) of space = 10 dimensions 
Supersymmetry 
Symmetry is a property of a physical system that does not change when the system is transformed in some manner. For example, a sphere is rotationally symmetrical since its appearance does not change if it is rotated. 
Supersymmetry (mathematical transformation) is a symmetry principle that relates the properties of particles with a whole number amount(integer) of spin (bosons) to those with half a whole(half-integer or odd) number amount of spin (fermions). Bosons tend to be the mediators of fundamental forces, while fermions make up the "matter" which experiences these forces. Bosons can occupy the same space, and have integral spin (0,1, ….), while fermions cannot occupy the same space and have half-integral spin ( 1/2, 3/2, ….). Bosons are particles that transmit forces such as photons, gravitons, W, Z, particles, mesons and gluons. Many bosons can occupy the same state at the same time. Fermions( matter) such as electrons, muons, tau, protons, neutrons, quarks, neutrinos, can occupy a given state at a given time, and this is why fermions are the particles that make up matter. This is the reason why solids cannot pass through one another. This explains why we cannot walk through walls--- the inability of fermions(matter) to share the same space they way bosons (forces) can. 
Supersymmetry is the principle that treats all particles of the same mass as different varieties of the same superparticle. Supersymmetry means an equal matching between bosons(particles that transmit forces) and fermions (particles that make up matter). A supersymmetric string theory is called a superstring theory. The original string theory only described particles that were bosons, hence Bosonic String Theory. It did not describe Fermions. So quarks and electrons, for instance, were not included in Bosonic String Theory. By introducing Supersymmetry to Bosonic String Theory, a new theory is obtained that describes both the forces and the matter which make up the Universe. This is the theory of superstrings. Five string theories developed depending on whether the string is a closed string (loop) or open, like a hair. String theorists have shown that all string theories are different aspects of a string theory that has not 10 but 11 spatial dimensions. This was called M-theory. The M might stand for Mother of all theories or Mystery, Magic, or Matrix.
Human beings throughout history have been passionately searching answers for the origin of the universe, from our ancestors to modern day cosmologists. Cosmology is the study of the birth and evolution of the universe. The modern theory called the Standard Model of Cosmology states that some 15 billion years ago, the universe emerged from a big bang (enormously energetic singular event) which spewed forth all of space and all of matter. The temperature of the universe at 10^ -43 seconds after the big band, the so-called Planck time, is estimated to be 10^32 Kelvin or some 10trillion 10 trillion times hotter than the interior of the Sun. As time passed, the universe expanded and cooled. About a hundredth-thousandth of a second after the big bang, it was cool enough (10 trillion Kelvin) to produce protons and neutrons. As time passed electrically neutral atoms formed. A billion years later 100 billion galaxies and 100 billion stars (our sun is a star) in each galaxy, and ultimately planets began to emerge.
 
Modern physics rests on two foundational pillars: Einstein's general theory of relativity, which provides an understanding of the large scale structures in the universe: stars, galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and expanse of the universe itself. The other is quantum mechanics, which provides understanding of the universe on the smallest of scales: molecules, atoms, and the subatomic particles like electrons and quarks. The two theories are mutually incompatible. In this new millennium superstring theory or simply string theory resolves the tension between general relativity and quantum mechanics. According to string theory, the marriage of the laws of the large and the small is not only happy but also inevitable. String theory has the inherent capability to show that all of the astonishing happenings in the universe-from the frenzied dance of subatomic quarks (components of protons or neutrons) to the stately dance of orbiting binary stars, from the primordial fireball of the big bang to the majestic whirl of celestial galaxies-- are reflections of one grand physical principle, one master equation.
 
During the past hundred years physicists have proven the existence of four fundamental forces in nature: Gravitational force, electromagnetic force, the weak force and the strong force. Gravity is the most familiar of the forces, being responsible for keeping our planet earth around the sun as well as keeping our feet firmly planted on earth. Electromagnetic force is the next most familiar of the four. It is the driving force for lights, TVs, computers, telephones. The strong nuclear and weak nuclear forces are less familiar because they operate in the nucleus of the atom. The strong force is responsible for keeping quarks "glued" together inside of protons and neutrons and keeping protons and neutrons tightly crammed together inside atomic nuclei. The weak force is responsible for the radioactive decay of radioactive materials such as uranium, plutonium, and tritium. At the microscopic level all the forces have an associated particle or the smallest packet of the force. Photons for the electromagnetic force, graviton for the gravitational force, weak gauge bosons (W and Z particles) for the weak force and gluons (strong glue holding atomic nuclei together) for the strong nuclear force.
 
Matter is composed of atoms, which in turn are made of nucleons (protons and neutrons in the nucleus) and electrons orbiting around the nucleus. Nucleons are made of 3 quarks each. Quarks are made of string. According to the standard model of particle physics the elementary constituents of the universe are pointlike ingredients with no internal structure. However, the standard model cannot be complete or final theory because it does not include gravity. But according to string theory, atomic particles and subatomic particles are not pointlike, but instead consists of a tiny one-dimensional filaments somewhat like infinitely thin rubber bands, vibrating oscillating, dancing filament that physicists have named a string. Unlike an ordinary piece of string, which is itself composed of molecules and atoms, the strings of string theory are alleged to lie deeply within the heart of matter and they are so small-on average they are about as long the Planck length (10^ -33 cm-about a hundred billion billion (10^20) times smaller than an atomic nucleus) and they appear pointlike even when examined with our most powerful equipment. String theory offers a far fuller and more satisfying explanation than is found in the standard model.  
In Einstein's day, the strong and the weak forces were not discovered, but he found the two distinct forces-gravity and electromagnetism-deeply troubling. For thirty years he was in search of a unified field theory that he hoped would that these two forces are really manifestations of one grand underlying principle. String theory is showing the harmonious union of general relativity and quantum mechanics. Its ability to ameliorate
the hostilities between the gravitational force and quantum mechanics is a major success. In this new millennium, the excitement in the physics community is that string theory may provide the answer for the unified theory of the all the four forces and all matter. For this reason string theory is sometimes described as possibly being the "theory of everything" (T.O.E.). String theory proclaims that the observed particle properties (mass, charge, spin) are a reflection of the various ways in which a string can vibrate. Just as the strings on a piano or violin have resonant frequencies at which they prefer to vibrate-the same holds true for the loops of string theory. Each of the preferred patterns of vibration of a string in string theory appears as a particle whose mass and force charges are determined by the string's oscillatory pattern. The electron is a string vibrating one way; the up-quark is a string vibrating another way. Particles like photons, weak gauge bosons, and gluons are yet other resonant patterns of string vibration. There is even a mode describing the graviton which is the particle carrying the force of gravity. Particle properties in string theory are the manifestations of one and the same physical feature: the resonant patterns of vibration-the music so to speak- of fundamental loops of string. The same idea applies to the forces of nature as well. Hence everything, all matter and all forces, is unified under the microscopic string oscillations- the "notes" that strings can play.
 
EXTRA DIMENSIONS: 
It is taken for granted that our universe has three spatial (length, width and height) dimensions. In formulating the general theory of relativity Einstein showed time is another dimension. According to general relativity space and time communicate the gravitational force through their curvature. Special theory of relativity is Einstein's laws of space and time in the absence of gravity. In 1919 Theodor Kaluza, a Polish mathematician suggested that the universe might have more than the three spatial dimensions. For example, a garden hose viewed from a long distance looks like a one-dimensional object. When magnified (when looked closely), a second dimension-one that is in the shape of a circle and is curled around the house-becomes visible. The direction along the length of the hose is long, extended, and easily visible. The direction circling around the thickness of the hose is short, "curled up," and harder to see. Hence spatial dimensions are of two types. They can be large, extended, and therefore directly evident, or they can be small, curled up, and much more difficult to detect. In the case of the garden hose, the "curled-up" dimension encircling the thickness of the hose is detected either going closer the hose or using a pair of binoculars from a distance. If the garden hose is as thin as a hair or a capillary, then its curled-up dimension is more difficult to detect.  
Kaluza proposed that the spatial fabric of the universe might possess more than three dimensions of everyday experience. He showed by having four spatial dimensions, Einstein's general relativity and Maxwell's electromagnetic theory can be unified into a single theory. In 1926 Oskar Klein, a Swedish mathematician showed that the spatial fabric of our universe may have both extended(the three spatial dimensions of everyday experience) and curled-up dimensions. The additional dimensions in the universe are tightly curled up into a tiny space- a space so tiny that it has so far eluded detection by even our most advanced experimental equipment. 
The equations of string theory show that the universe has nine space dimensions and one time dimension. Why is it that three space and one time dimensions are large and extended while all of the others are tiny and curled up? At present there is no answer to this question.
 
1 dimension of time + 9 dimensions (6 hidden and 3 known) of space = 10 dimensions 
Supersymmetry 
Symmetry is a property of a physical system that does not change when the system is transformed in some manner. For example, a sphere is rotationally symmetrical since its appearance does not change if it is rotated. 
Supersymmetry (mathematical transformation) is a symmetry principle that relates the properties of particles with a whole number amount(integer) of spin (bosons) to those with half a whole(half-integer or odd) number amount of spin (fermions). Bosons tend to be the mediators of fundamental forces, while fermions make up the "matter" which experiences these forces. Bosons can occupy the same space, and have integral spin (0,1, ….), while fermions cannot occupy the same space and have half-integral spin ( 1/2, 3/2, ….). Bosons are particles that transmit forces such as photons, gravitons, W, Z, particles, mesons and gluons. Many bosons can occupy the same state at the same time. Fermions( matter) such as electrons, muons, tau, protons, neutrons, quarks, neutrinos, can occupy a given state at a given time, and this is why fermions are the particles that make up matter. This is the reason why solids cannot pass through one another. This explains why we cannot walk through walls--- the inability of fermions(matter) to share the same space they way bosons (forces) can. 
Supersymmetry is the principle that treats all particles of the same mass as different varieties of the same superparticle. Supersymmetry means an equal matching between bosons(particles that transmit forces) and fermions (particles that make up matter). A supersymmetric string theory is called a superstring theory. The original string theory only described particles that were bosons, hence Bosonic String Theory. It did not describe Fermions. So quarks and electrons, for instance, were not included in Bosonic String Theory. By introducing Supersymmetry to Bosonic String Theory, a new theory is obtained that describes both the forces and the matter which make up the Universe. This is the theory of superstrings. Five string theories developed depending on whether the string is a closed string (loop) or open, like a hair. String theorists have shown that all string theories are different aspects of a string theory that has not 10 but 11 spatial dimensions. This was called M-theory. The M might stand for Mother of all theories or Mystery, Magic, or Matrix.

Friday, 14 February 2014

Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and Science

We are enjoying the fruits of modern science and technology every second, every minute and everyday. Examples: Electricity, microphone, A.C., Automobiles, Airplanes, Space Travel, Missile Shield or Star Wars, computers, Cyber Space and Internet, robotics and Artificial Intelligence, GPS-Global Position System, Cellular Phones, Digital Media Entertainment-TV, DVD, MP3, Tele-Medicine and Tele-Surgery, Artificial Organs: Abiocor, Organ Transplants- Hand transplant surgery, stem cells in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, Alzeimers, Spinal Cord Injury, Diabetes, Heart tissue repairs, or any organ repair, etc. Simply put modern science and technology is improving the quality and longevity of life of a man or woman. One must be very cautious as Science and Technology is a double edged sword and without Islamic Ethics it can destroy every human being. 
These fruit yielding trees were grown in Muslims lands such as Afghanistan, Bukhara, Baghdad, Cairo, Cordoba, Damascus, Delhi, Granada, Fez, Isfahan, Qairwan, Seville, Sicily, Zeituna and other great cities throughout the Muslim World. These trees were grown from a single seed. What is that seed and who planted the seed and where was it planted? Without the advent of our Nabi Karim Muhammad Mustafa (SAW) and the final establishment of MONOTHEISM or TAWHID on earth, none of what we take for granted in the modern world could possibly have developed. Our Nabi Karim Muhammad Mustafa (SAW) first planted the seed of TAWHID (La Ilaaha Il'Allah) in Hejaz in Arabia 1400 years ago. La Ilaaha, Il'Allah, literally means "NO GOD EXCEPT Allah. It means there is no Deity worthy of worship except Allah(SWT). Anyone can become a Muslim by reciting the Kalima or Shahadah "La Ilaaha Il'Allah, Muhammadun Rasoolallah". The greatest achievement of our Prophet Muhammad (SAW) is that he made every Muslim a SCIENTIST by firmly instilling the concept TAWHID in body, soul and mind of every Muslim. For Sufis recitation of "La Ilaha, Il'Allah" is the Tariqah (path) to the Haqiqah(Haqiqath) or the Ultimate Reality.
Polytheism and superstition looked upon things and creatures as deities, and encouraged their worship. Before the advent of Islam polytheism dominated the entire world. Because of the Polytheistic view, natural sciences had become forbidden territory and natural phenomena were given sanctity. TAWHID destroyed Polytheism, Superstition, Nature Worship or Worship of Natural Phenomena. TAWHID created the intellectual frame of mind and opened the doors of research and investigation by displacing nature from its sacred pedestal and abolishing the practice of worshipping the natural phenomena. Holding the moon to be sacred was a major obstacle to even thinking of conquering it. 
Sources as diverse as George Sarton, Bertrand Russell and Encyclopaedia Britannica, say "We reach the conclusion that without monotheism the concepts of experimentation and scientific enquiry, not to mention modern industrialization, would not exist." Historians acknowledge that Islam changed the face of the globe. Polytheism and superstition blocked the progress and advancement of human development.Muslim Universities in the Middle Ages particularly in Spain laid the foundation for European Renaissance. Take for example the ancient Greeks. Their society was steeped in polytheism and superstition. Many natural phenomena were believed to be endowed with godly powers. It was impossible to scientifically investigate something so revered and sacred. Consequently, people worshipped nature rather than explore it and harness its powers.  
We tend to think of ancient Greece as a free thinking democracy. In fact this is not entirely true; only the upper classes were allowed any latitude; free speech and free thought were actively discouraged to protect the hold of the man-made religions over the populace. The Greek rulers like many others throughout time have used the polytheistic beliefs of their subjects to shore up their own power, claiming divine ancestors and the "divine right of kings". 
Another example is modern day India where the attribution of divinity to the non-divine or the concept of shirk has had far reaching consequences. Dr. M.S. Swaminathan, former director of the Indian Agricultural Institute, New Delhi, and the Architect of India's Green Revolution, blames "protein hunger" or lack of animal protein in the Hindu diet for the prospect of intellectual dwarfing of the nation’s youngsters. Because people worship the cow, a food source, their children suffer from malnutrition while not necessarily going hungry. The Hindus have 320 million gods and goddesses. If a Hindu lives for 100 years and spends the first 20 years in acquiring education and a profession and in the next 80 years he spends 8 hours each day in non-stop recitation of the name of a God or goddess in 2.6 seconds then his whole life is not enough. If he lives less than 100 years then he misses many, many gods. If he cannot pray and appease each and every god then he or she feels guilty and any difficulty or calamity that one faces in life is attributed to the anger of the other gods who were not prayed to. The mind is occupied with guilty feelings. The mind should be free to do research.  
The might Roman Empire and Civilization that lasted for 700 years never produced even one single Scientist. Because they were pagans and polytheists.
 
Why research thrives in USA or a Western countries and not in the developing countries. The answer is the intellectual environment and the infrastructure. Just like a plant needs, fertilizer, water, sunshine, the mind needs a stimulating, nurturing environment to conduct research. The mind should be free to think and it should be free from mundane worries. How can a Hindu with a Ph.D. or M. D. do research when he considers the Sun as a God and performs prostration to the Sun God everyday in the morning.
 
Islam produced a Galaxy of Universal and Encyclopedic Scientists. Muslims contributed to every branch of science: in every field of inquiry and investigation. In every case, the Islamic concept of the oneness of God, coupled with the teaching of man’s role as God’s viceregent on earth have enabled the Muslims to investigate and harness the earth’s resources for the betterment of mankind as a whole. Far from worshipping things found in the heavens and on earth, Muslims have been able to look into the unexplained and take advantage of the things the Creator has given us to improve our lives. 
Islam is a religion of logic and reason, dazzling in its perfection and simplicity. One comes away with the feeling that Islam might just be the best-kept secret in the western world.

Tuesday, 11 February 2014

Spider Silks

Those who read the Noble Qur’an must be wondering why Surah, 29 is titled “Al-Ankabut.” or the Spider which is a lowly insect.
 

This article explores the human reasoning as to why Allah (SWT) chose Al-Ankabut as the title of Surah number 29 and the word Ankabut is mentioned in Ayah (verse) number 41 of Surah 29 as follow:
 

“The parable of those who take
Protectors other than Allah is that of the Spider
Who builds (to itself) a house;
But truly the flimsiest of houses is the Spider’s house
If they but knew.”
 
People consider spiders are nuisances or horrifying creatures that should be exterminated whenever possible. In fact spiders are benefactors of humans. Every year spiders do away with millions upon millions of insects such as locusts and grasshoppers that would destroy grain crops, and with such consumers of green leave as beetles and caterpillars, as well as with troublesome mosquitoes and flies. One authority stated in the following words: "If it were not for the number of spiders everywhere, all living creatures except defoliating (leaf-eating) caterpillars might face starvation."
 
Spiders keep control of the insects without using the man-made insecticides, which are posing many environmental problems including the decreasing of sperms in the human male thus resulting in infertility. Therefore we must appreciate our spider friends which are performing this service with no ill effects whatever to mankind. They exist in abundance and they are found almost anywhere. Some types flourish indoors, and others live outdoors but close to the buildings. In the fields they make their homes on tall plants and low shrubs, in forests they take refuge under dried leaves and fallen logs. Any piece of bark or stone may serve as a spider shelter. We may find them near water and even on it, in dry country, in underground caves, and on mountaintops. Because of ignorance, through the ages, in countless stories, spiders have been connected with sinister, unhealthy activities and places. They are treated as sinister and aggressive and usually capable of a deadly bite.
 
The truth is a spider is a mild creature, most anxious to avoid contact with man. It bites only when hurt or frightened, and usually will walk over a person's skin without making any effort to bite. In fact the majority of spiders we come across are small and because their biting apparatus is not strong enough, they are not capable of breaking through the skin of a human being. One must be aware that a large wolf spider will cause no greater pain nor inconvenience from poison than a wasp usually inflicts. On the other hand a black widow, the only spider native to the United States which can inflict poisoning of a truly serious nature upon humans, is small-no more than half-an-inch in length. Because of this the black widow is always given wide publicity. Black widow poisoning is often serious, but rarely is it fatal. Very young children and adults who are not in good physical condition suffer from it most acutely. If treated properly and promptly the ill effects usually lessen in a few hours and after a couple of days rest, the victim has completely recovered.
 
SPIDER SILK
 
The strength of spider silk, so delicate in appearance, is surprisingly great. A strand can be stretched as much as one half its normal length before breaking, and has a tensile strength surpassed only by fused quartz fibers. Fine strands are stronger than others, the strength to some extent depending on the speed with which they are drawn out of the spider's body. The greater the speed, the greater the strength. There are other variations, too. Most of the silken threads are not single fibers but are made up of two or more strands. A fiber may be as fine as a millionth of an inch in thickness but more often it is ten or twenty times as thick, and the grouping of these fibers naturally produces threads of a variety of thicknesses. Also some fibers are sticky while others are not.
Making a web is one of the many uses to which the spider puts silk to use. Spiders uses the silk for trap lines, draglines, ballooning lines, for trap-door covers to underground retreats, for egg sacs and nursery webs, for chambers in which to hibernate or to mate, for the many types of webs in which food is ensnared, and for entangling and swathing their prey. Silk for all these purposes is not achieved with one type of gland; there are at least seven different types that equip the whole spider group. Some individual spiders have as many as six kinds and possibly have more than six hundred separate glands; others have less than this. 
ANALYSIS OF SILK
 
The silk itself is a substance known as "scleroprotein." When produced in the glands it is a liquid; only when drawn outside the body does it harden into thread. Once it was thought that exposure to the air caused the hardening, but it now appears that the drawing-out process alone is responsible. To carry forward the work done by the glands, a spider is equipped with spinnerets, usually six in number. These are as flexible as fingers; they can be extended, compressed, and in general be used like human hands. In the "spinning field," where the spinnerets are grouped, single threads are combined into various thicknesses, and some of the dry strands may be coated with a sticky substance. Thus a finished strand may be thin or thick, dry or sticky. It may also have the form of a beaded necklace. For the latter type the spider spins rather slowly and, pulling out the sticky thread, lets it go with a jerk. The fluid thus is arranged in globules spaced along the finished line. The thread known as the dragline may be thought of as a spider's "life line" for it acts as a lifesaver under all sorts of conditions. No matter where or how far a spider travels, the dragline goes along, reeling out from spinnerets at the rear of the body. It forms part of the construction of webs, it holds its little manufacturer securely in difficult places, and it aids in escaping from enemies. For a spider resting in a web the dragline makes possible quick drop and hideout in vegetation. It enables active hunting spiders to leap from buildings, cliffs, or any high point incomplete safety.
 
BENEFITS OF SPIDER SILK TO MAN
 
One may be wondering why the spider silk in contrast to the silk of the silkworm, is not of great commercial importance. One reason lies in the varying thickness of spider thread. Also it is more difficult to work with, and, because it does not stand up well in the weaving process, it lacks the luster of insect silk. Besides all this the problems of housing and feeding large numbers of spiders are great compared with supporting silkworms. 
Primitive people like in New Guinea have used spider silk in a number of ways. They make fishing nets and lures and such articles as bags, headdresses that will keep off the rain, and caps. These are not fashioned from single strands but from matted, twisted threads. The primitive natives of North Queensland, Australia, look to spiders for their fishing equipment. One way they use them is to entangle one end of a thin switch in a web, then, using a weaving motion, they twist the coarse silk lines into a single strand which may be more than a foot long. The strand of silk is then trailed through the same area. As a fish rises to this bait its teeth become entangled in the invisible strands of silk and it is easily pulled out of the water. Most fish caught in this matter are no more than two inches long, but it is claimed that such silken fishing poles can hold more than half a pound of weight. 
Besides being helpful to primitive people, spider silk has proved useful to the makers of such complicated instruments as astronomical telescopes, guns and engineers' levels. The fibers, being very fine yet strong and able to withstand extremes of weather, are excellent for sighting marks. During the Second World War there was considerable demand for spider fiber for surveying and laboratory instruments. The silk would be reeled from the spinnerets of living spiders, then stored on especially constructed frames until needed. Black widow spiders were used to a great extent for this silk production, although the common house orb weavers, the gardens orb weavers and others all help to provide the silk employed for specialized purposes. One draw back to the use of spider silk in industry is its ability to sag in a humid atmosphere. For this reason filaments of platinum or engraving on glass plates take its place in such instruments as periscopes and bombsights.
FIBER ENGINEERING
As we know the orb-weaving spider produces one of the world’s toughest fibers. Using recombinant DNA technology, DuPont scientists in the United States have created synthetic spider silk as a model for a new generation of advanced materials. It has been suggested that a single strand of spider silk, thick as a pencil, could stop a 747 Jumbo Jet in flight. Whatever comparison one uses, the dragline silk of the orb-weaving spider is an impressive material. On an equal weight basis, it is stronger than steel. In addition, spider silk is very elastic. It is this combination of strength and stretch that makes the energy-to-break of spider silk so high. Simply put, it is the toughest material known. Spider silk is merely the most dramatic example of a sizable family of biopolymers possessing a combination of properties that synthetic materials cannot yet approach. Researchers at DuPont are looking to these natural materials as paradigms for the design and synthesis of a new generation of advanced structural materials.
SECRETS OF SPIDER SILK 
It is very important to learn exactly how the spider makes its silk because this knowledge can serve as the basis for a new generation of materials. Fundamental to achieving these materials is the ability to control all aspects of the material architecture, beginning at the molecular level. Recombinant DNA technology provides a practical route to harnessing the power of the biosynthetic process to control polymer sequence and chain length to a degree that is otherwise impossible. A broad range of mechanical properties is accessible by careful selection of the appropriate building blocks, as more sophisticated properties that are common among proteins. Advanced computer simulation techniques to design a molecular model that integrates all the information available to date about the structure of this amazingly strong and elastic fiber. Synthetic genes were designed to encode alleges of the silk proteins. These genes were inserted into yeast and bacteria and the protein analogs were produced. The biosilk was then dissolved in a solvent and the protein was spun into fibbers using spinning techniques similar to those of the spider. 
REVOLUTION THROUGH SYNTHETIC SPIDER SILK 
Scientists are envisioning many possible uses for biosilk. Textile applications are an obvious one. The elasticity and strength of existing products such as spandex and nylon have to be improved. Because it is lightweight, tough and elastic, biosilk may also have applications in satellites and aircraft. More importantly, the new generation of advanced materials that spider silk research may bring about has the potential to transform our lives in countless ways we can scarcely imagine. It has been over 52 years since the discoveries of Wallace and Carothers and his team that gave the world nylon and ushered in the age of polymers. Initial successes predict that harnessing biosynthesis will play a major role in the new materials revolution. Synthetic spider silk may help create super-performing garments of the future. Earthquake resistant suspension bridges hung from cables of synthetic spider silk fibers may someday be a reality.
(An ancient Greek legend says a young girl named Arachne was an excellent spinner and wove the most beautiful cloth. She challenged the goddess Athena to a contest. When Athena saw Arachne’s beautiful work, she tore apart the cloth and beat the young girl. Disgraced, Arachne hanged herself. Athena repented and changed Arachne into a spider with a magic liquid, so that she could spin forever and ever. The scientific name for the class of animals to which spiders belong is Arachnida-named after the young girl in the famous Greek legend). 
WHY SPIDER’S HOUSE IS FLIMSIEST OF HOUSES? 
Every Muslim reader of this article has a problem understanding this article because according to the Noble Qur'an (Surah 29, Ayah 41) cited above the FLIMSIEST of houses is the spider’s house. The scientific studies show that a single strand of spider silk, thick as a pencil, could stop a 747 Jumbo Jet in flight, and that on an equal basis, the spider’s silk is STRONGER THAN STEEL. All these sound too far-fetched and incomprehensible and extremely difficult to understand the mysteries of science. But most important of all this article apparently CONTRADICTS the verse 41 in Surah 41. 
The quick answer is that per unit weight the dragline silk of the golden orb spider is one of the world’s toughest fibers. Webs are combinations of many kinds of spider silk all able to be produced by the same spider. The web radials are strong, but the somewhat weaker circumferential (quasi-circular concentric) fibers are elastic and sticky-to absorb the energy of a flying insect and hold it in place. Silk fibers for victim and offspring encapsulation (cocoons) are also different. The strongest of all is the fiber, which the spider uses for transport, the dragline silk. In summary the spider produces both strong and as well as weak fibers and the web it weaves to catch flying insects is weaker and hence it is referred to in the Qur’an as the FLIMSIEST of houses. 
Muslim scientists and researchers throughout the world should get inspiration from the Qur’anic Ayat and pursue research in areas that benefit not only Muslims but also the whole of humanity. Biosilk is one such area, which needs to be explored by young Muslim scientists and research workers in the Muslim World.